Since regaining independence in 1989, Poland has been quickly moving from a centrally organized to a free-market economy. The move to a free-market system has stimulated business and produced a fairly strong and stable economy in some areas, but also meant falling production, high prices, high unemployment and budgetary deficit. Although shortages of food and other supplies have disappeared, economic recessions during the 1980s and 90s left over one million unemployed. The privatization process is a long one, and many businesses remain state owned.

The bulk of Poland's revenue comes from industry and services. The manufacturing sector exports food and beverage products, chemicals, motor vehicles and machinery. Poland is also a major producer of metals such as copper and silver, as well as coal and sulphur. The country has significant oil and gas reserves, which are only partially developed. Since the fall of communism, the service sector has grown rapidly, particularly in the areas of financial services, retail and tourism. The sector now employs more people than any other.

The government provides numerous though limited social security benefits, which are partially funded by employers through payroll tax. Programs include seniors' pensions, disability and survivor benefits, child allowances, unemployment insurance and illness subsidies. The Agricultural Social Security Fund administers a benefit for farmers. During the past 40 years, women have enjoyed the same benefits as men in the workplace; in addition, women are eligible for one year's maternity leave and benefits.

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Work hours in Poland begin between six and eight in the morning, and go until between two and four in the afternoon.